Morphological information

A rambling shrub, pubescent or scabrous; branches tetragonous, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves opposite, simple, ovate, crenate, scabrid- pubescent, acute or shortly acuminate. Flowers white, light purple or yellow, borne in pedunculate, axillary, bracteate heads or short spikes. Calyx minute. Corolla tube curved, limb oblique, spreading horizontally divided into 4 unequal lobes. Fruits glabrous, globose drupes, shining black when ripe. Seeds 2- celled nuts.

Flowering                  : Almost throughout the year,Chiefly in July-October

Fruiting                     :

History                     :

Parts                        : Almost throughout the year,Chiefly in July-October

Status                       : Low risk.

Phytochemistry

Arachidic, linoleic, myristic and palmitic acids; 1- triacotanol; 1,8- cineole, citral, eugenol, furfural geraniol, linallol, (α- phelladrene, phellandrone; α- amyrin; β- sitosterol; lantadone (flowers, leaves, stems); linoleic, linoienic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids;22-β- angeloyloxy- 3- oxo- olean- 12- en- 28- oic acid (lantadene A), lantadene B≡ dimethylacryloyoxy oleanoic acid (also in leaves), 22β- [(5)- 2-methylbutanoxyloxy]- 3- oxo- olean- 2- en- 28- oic acid (seeds); 1,8- cineole, citral, linallol, terpineol, β-sitosterol (seed oil); α and β pinenes, camphene, camphor, caryophyllene and its oxide, citronellal, p-cymene, elmol, bis (2- ethylbutyl) phthalate, geraniol acetate, emnthen- 1- ol, selinen (flowers); iridoid glucoside, theveside≡15(1α, 4aα, 7aα)- 1- ( β -D glucosyloxy )_4a- hydoroxy-77- (hydroxymethyl)- 1, 4a, 5, 7a- tetrahydorxy cyclopental ©- pyran-  carbnoxylic acid (leaves and stems); iceterogenin, 4,5-dihydroxy- 3, 7- dimethoxyflavone- 4'- O- β- D- glucopyranoide, lancamerone (Keto- steroid); lantalonic, lantanolic lantanilic(22β- ββ- dimethylacryloyloxy- 3,25 epoxy- 3α- hydroxyursa- 12- 2n- 28- oic), lantic (3,25- epoxy- 3α- hydroxyursa- 12- 2n- 28- oic) and lantonic acids; methyl (- 3- oxo- ursolate, lantadene B and lantadene C (leaves); lantanine (Stem and root bark); stachyose, verbascose, ajugose, verbascotetrasose, lantaiurcolic acids, lantanane B, theviridoside, theveside, geriposdie, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamiridoside and 8- epiloganin (root); cedrene, cis and trans- nerolidol, betulic betulonic, lantabetulinic, oleanolic eleanonic, 22β- hydroxy- 3- oxo- olean- 12en- 28- oic, 22β-isobutyroloxy- 3- ox- olean- 12en- 28- oic acids (lantadene D); 5- hydroxynapthol [2,3- b] furan- 4,9- quinons, vernascoside, 6 and 7-methoxydiodantanezone and their isomer were also encountered in the plant (with India, 1962,6, 31, CSIR, New Delhi; J. Indian Chem. Soc, 1969, 46, 100, Sci & Cult, 1966, 32, 456, CA, 1970,72, 111641; tetrahedron 1971, 27, 1141; Planta med, 1972, 21, 282, ibid, 1972, 22, 34,J, Indian Chem.Soc. 1972, 49, 1063, 1973, 50, 620; Planta med; 1974, 25, 373; Experientia 1976, 32, 412; Phytochemistry 1976, 15, 987; Rev. Fac. Farm. 0dontol Araraquara, 1975, 9, 199 C.A, 1977, 86, 117583; Aus J.Chem, 1978, 3T, 1313, ibid. 1980, 33, 509, Palds J.Sd industry. Res, 1979, 22, 107 CA 1980 93 10134; Indian drugs 1980 17, 173; Anal Biochem., 1983, 128, 474; CA, 1983, 98, 10743; alust.J.Chern 1983, 36, 1895; Phytochemistry, 1985, 24, 1607; J.Indian Chem Soc., 1985; Phytochemistry, 1985, 24, 1607; J.Indian chem.. Soc, 1895; Phytochernistry 1985, 24, 1607; J.Indianm Chem.Soc., 1985, 62, 298; Phytochemistry, 1990, 29, 3961, ibid, 1991, 30, 941; J.Nat.Prod., 1991, 54, 1595, C.A, 116, 231944; Yaoxue Xuebao, 1992, 27, 515 Ca, 1993, 118, 35863; J.Biochem Toxicol, 1992, 7, 73; CA 1992 117, 165, 659, Yaoxue Xuenao, 1993, 28, 35, 40; CA, 1993, 119, 221613,d 221614).

 

Medicinal

Whole plant: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic and promotes healing of wounds, applied in fistula, decoction, laxative useful in malaria and rheumatism.

 

---