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THE CROP DISEASES OF SIKKIM
HIMALAYAS |
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CROP: LARGE CARDAMOM
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Scientific Name |
Amomum subulatum
Roxb. |
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Local Name |
Elaichi/ Bara elaichi |
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Family |
Zingiberaceae Distribution
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State/World wide |
Sikkim, Darjeeling, Arunachal Pradesh,
Bhutan, Nepal
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Common Name of Disease:
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1. ANTHRACNOSE |
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Local Name of Disease |
-Adua Kuhiney Bimar |
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Causal Organism |
-Rhizoctonia solani Khun,
Pythium vexans de Barre and Fusarium
oxysporum. |
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Distribution of Disease in Sikkim
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-Present in all the four
districts of Sikkim irrespective ofvariety and
locality.
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Disease Incidence |
-Medium to High. |
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Site of Infection |
-Leaves, pseudostems , clumbs, rhizomes
and roots |
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Dissemination of the Disease |
-Through infected
planting materials, contaminated tools,
soil, seeds and contaminated
irrigation water. |
Symptoms
Water-soaked lesions
appear on the leaf margin or on the tips of
the leaves which rapidly enlarges, coalesce
and cover the entire leaf lamina giving
blighted appearance. The advancing lesions
are blackish-brown in colour and margins
give a yellow halo around it. The affected
leaves become necrotic and dry. Leaf sheath
covering the pseudo stem shows
blackish-brown discoloration which progress
down to the rhizome and gradually the pseudo
stem becomes brittle and breaks in
the middle or at the color region.
Eventually, the affected clump dries up
completely giving the entire plantation a
burnt appearance. Favorable environmental
condition for disease: Inadequate shades,
water stress condition, lack of phyto-sanitation.
Nutrient deficient plants are susceptible to
diseases of any kind. Weeds in the cardamom
field also act as alternate host for the
pathogen to persist.
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Mode of
Transmission
Pathogens are primarily transmitted through
infected planting materials (suckers,
seedlings). Use of contaminated tools and
implements.
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Life cycle of
Organism
Plant Protection Measures: Rouging out the
diseased clumps and burning them to avoid
spreading of the disease. Maintaining 50%
shade trees. Providing irrigation during
less rainfall season. Nutrient management
through application of FYM.Maintain field
sanitation weeding, removing the old cut
tillers and debris from the field. Maintain
proper spacing 150 cm plant to plant.Soil
application of Trichoderma viridie or
Trichoderma harzianum (bio-control agent)can
suppress the pathogen.Soil drenching or
spraying bacillus subtilis mixed with cow
urine diluted with water in the ratio of
1:5:10 can also suppress the pathogen.
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| Bioinformatics Sub- DISC, SSCS&T |
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